Journal of Translational Research in Urology
Volume:3 Issue: 3, Summer 2021

The Post-operation complication is one of the causes of inguinal hernias, but the primary aetiology is still unknown. One of the hypotheses for inguinal hernias is after radical prostatectomy. Inguinal hernia is one of the most common causes of surgery. There are several techniques to repair this problem. However, nowadays there are a variety of articles to explain laparoscopic repair. This disease could be divided into direct and indirect. Indirect hernias usually have a congenital aetiology by open process vaginalis. However, direct hernias are from the inguinal canal’s floor.

The medullary sponge kidney (MSK) is one of the disorders of kidney development which is known by the cystic dilation of pyelocaliceal system and diffuse precalyceal ectasias. One of the usual complications of this disease is stone formation.

In this video article, the study showed two sessions of retrograde intrarenal surgery by endoscopic appearance of MSK during laser lithotripsy. Operative time in the first and second sessions was 100 min and 80 min, respectively. At the 3-month follow-up visit, both kidneys were at normal without obvious stone in kidney-ureter-bladder X-ray.

In this video, we presented the endoscopic appearance of MSK during laser lithotripsy and the follow-up pyeloscopy.

Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers capable of distant metastasis, but Scrotal and penile metastasis are very unusual, and occasionally, the initial manifestation of a latent primary tumor is even rarer. Mechanisms of gastric metastasis have been suggested through different pathways.

In this study, we present a case in which a patient presented with painless swelling of the testicles and penis. The main was in the stomach. As far as we know, this is the first report of a scrotal and penile metastasis from gastric adenocarcinoma in Iran. At the time of diagnosis of these metastases had not yet been diagnosed with gastric cancer.

Therefore, gastric tumors can metastasize to the genital area through lymphatic vessels in a reversible pathway. However, Proper imaging studies can identify early sites.

The purpose of the current meta-analysis was to determine the short-term and long-term graft survival and patient survival from the deceased donors, and determine the prognostic factors.

PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were searched in March 2019 to obtain articles that report short-term and/or long-term graft and patient survival. The study also includes articles that analyzed the hazard ratio (HR) of graft rejection or patient death for deceased donor risk-related factors. The measures in this study could be summarized as the survival rate and the HR of graft rejection and patient death.

In the final analysis, 75 articles were included. The 1- and 5-year graft survival were 90% and 76%, and for patient survival were 95% and 85% respectively. The 1- and 5-year graft survival in transplant donation after brain death (DBD) recipients were 92% and 79% and for patient survival were 94% and 90% respectively. The 1- year graft and patient survival in donation after circulatory death (DCD) recipients were 87% and 95%, respectively. Also, the 1- and 5-year graft survival in patient expanded-criteria donors (ECDs) were 88% and 68%, and for patient survival were 93% and 87%, respectively. The 1-year graft survival in standard-criteria donors (SCDs) recipients was 93%, and 1- and 5-year patient survivals were 96% and 92%. Age of deceased donor, ECD kidney, and male sex were the significant prognostic factors for graft rejection.

The findings of the first comprehensive meta-analysis of graft and patient survival of the deceased donor showed that the overall short-term and long-term graft and patient survival are desirable and confirm that ECD and DCD recipients have a poorer graft survival chance than standard donors.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most prevalent and extreme physio-pathological disorders in hospitalized patients, 20-40% of whom are hospitalized in the intensive Care Unit (ICU). Sepsis is the most commonplace reason for AKI in intensive care patients, accounting for 50% of ICU cases This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences from 22 October 2016 to 22 October 2017. Two hundred and thirty-two selected patients at Al-Zahra Hospital in Esfahan were enrolled in the study. Patients were followed for 10 days to determine the short-term mortality rate. Data were analyzed using t-test and Chi-squared test using SPSS software (ver. 16). In this study, 232 patients with sepsis were evaluated. Their mean age (± standard deviation) was 69.9 (18.4) years. The mean age of patients with acute kidney Injury (72.7 years) was significantly higher than the mean age of non-patients (non-AkI) (66.6 years) (p-value= 0.012). However, the significant difference was not between the age groups, but the p-value was near the significant border. The mortality rate of patients (53.6%) was significantly higher than the non-patients (non-AKI) (29.6%) (p-value<0.0001). This study showed that the prevalence of AKI was 57.3%, which was similar to the prevalence rate in other countries. A relationship was also demonstrated between AKI and mortality rate and showed that AKI increases the mortality rate.

Implicating two new techniques for removal of Foley catheters with non-deflating balloons.

Thirty-two male patients with non-deflating Foley catheters were managed by cutting balloon channel along the length of Foley catheters to bypass the possible obstruction in the lumen of the balloon channel and if failed, we introduced a suprapubic needle towards the tip of the index finger, which was introduced transrectally to palpate the bladder neck and push it up and get the balloon punctured.

In 25 of 32 patients the Foley catheters were removed by cutting the balloon channel interruptedly. Seven patients required suprapubic needling to puncture the catheters´ balloons for catheter removal.

These outpatient techniques are safe, simple, effective, and less invasive. They can be used simply in all patients without the need for special instruments or equipment.

The present study aimed to evaluate the association between the pre-transplant psychosocial profile and kidney transplant candidates' clinical outcomes. The present study population included all patients assessed for kidney transplant candidacy in Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The 42 patients who were candidates for kidney transplantation were enrolled in the present study. The mental health was measured by psychosocial assessment of candidates for transplantation (PACT) questionnaire. A global score of equal or lower than 2 was categorized as a low PACT score and equal and higher than 3 was defined as a high score. PACT questionnaire was completed before the kidney transplantation for each patient. The outcomes of our study were post-transplant dialysis, time of dialysis, hospital stay after transplant, rejection after transplant, time of rejection after transplant, delayed graft function, re-hospitalization after transplant, and time of re-hospitalization that were followed after transplantation. A total of 42 patients underwent kidney transplantation; 15 ( 35.7%) patients had a poor PACT score while 27 (64.3%) patients had a high PACT score. There were no significant differences in age, sex, marital status, literacy, insurance, supplementary insurance, smoking, being head of household between the two groups. There were no significant differences between the two groups in clinical characteristics after kidney transplantation (P-value > 0.05). In our study, there was no significant association between psychosocial status and clinical outcomes and it has been suggested that more studies are needed in this field

To assess the therapeutic efficacy of potassium citrate in the nonsurgical management of renal stones we run this research. The prophylactic effects of Potassium Citrate over renal stone formation have been established but there is still a gap for its therapeutic effect. A written informed consent was given to the patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were interested in participation. Eventually 56 patients (Mean age= 43.7 ± 10.8) from June 2018 to December 2018 with a total of 86 renal stones enrolled in the study and treated with potassium citrate (10 mEq Alithoral, Nooria Darman Pasargad, tablets, three times a day). Moreover, the patients were recommended to reduce sodium intake as well as oxalate-rich foods, have at least 2 liters of water per day and normalize calcium intake. Finally, they were assessed 8 weeks after the treatment initiation, while in those whose stones were remained, the assessments repeated for another 8-week. Based on our findings, 42 and 25 stones were completely dissolved at the first and second visit, respectively. Compared to the baseline parameters, the mean size of stones in the largest diameter decreased significantly from 5.13 to 1.96 mm and 5.13 to 0.79 mm (p-value<0.001) at the first and second visit, respectively. Potassium citrate plays a crucial role in pulverizing and also reduction of the dimensions of the renal stone. Therefore, apart from the prevention of renal stones recurrence, potassium citrate can be used in favor of treating renal stones.

Several factors are predisposing the urinary system for stone formation some are risk factors and some others are protective. There is not clear that radiofrequency electromagnetic wave (RF-EMW) of cell phones cell phone are risk factors or protective ones. This study is aiming at determining the role of RF-EMW on kidney stone formation. After one month the serological, histopathological, and radiological tests were done to evaluate the number and size of kidney stones. Forty Wistar rats weighting 200±10g were enrolled and sub-grouped into four groups:1- Control, 2- Cases with Ethylene glycol to form the kidney stones, 3- Cases with Ethylene glycol and RF-EMW exposure, 4- Cases with RF-EMW exposure (10 in each group 5 male and five female). The study was run over one month and at the end of the study, the serological, histopathological, and radiological tests were done to evaluate the number and size of kidney stones. Our finding indicated that the serological changes and histopathological damage in all three case groups compare to the control group. The number and size of the kidney stones have changed in rats with both ethylene glycol and RF-EMW (p-value≤0.001). Change in serology and histopathology of kidney decreased in RF-EMW+ Ethylene glycol compare to Ethylene glycol alone (p-value≤0.001). With the short-term exposure of rats to waves emitted from mobile waves, we conclude that cell phone electromagnetic waves had a remarkable disintegrating effect on urolithiasis and the rate of detected stones and destructive pathological outcomes result from urinary tract calculi were notably diminished.